For more than 25 controversial years, Peter M. Douglas fought to preserve California's shoreline as well as the independence of the powerful regulatory agency he helped create.
4/3/12
Peter M. Douglas, the controversial and resilient executive director of the California Coastal Commission, who for more than 25 years fought to preserve the natural beauty of the state's shoreline and the independence of the influential regulatory agency he helped create, has died. He was 69.
Douglas, who had homes in the Marin County city of Larkspur and on the Smith River in the state's northernmost Del Norte County, died Sunday at his sister's home in La Quinta, according to Susan Hansch, the commission's chief deputy. He was diagnosed with advanced throat cancer in 2004 and underwent months of chemotherapy and radiation treatment. In 2010, a month after he had been declared cancer-free, he found he had advanced lung cancer. He relinquished his day-to-day duties as coastal chief last June and retired five months later.
Douglas was a principal author of Proposition 20, a grass-roots initiative approved by voters in 1972 that created the California Coastal Commission and empowered it to control development along the state's 1,100-mile coast. He later helped write the 1976 Coastal Act, a landmark law that became a model for other states and countries and made the commission a permanent body with an unusual degree of autonomy.
As executive director since 1985, Douglas guided the 12-member commission on many contentious issues, including blocking offshore oil drilling and leasing, sharply restricting coastal construction and expanding public access to the beach. He led his staff in settling a number of complex disputes involving coastal resources, including an unprecedented expansion plan for the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach that added 500 acres of landfills and cargo terminals while compensating for the loss of marine habitats.
"Peter maintained public access to the coast so that it wasn't just something that belonged to the rich," said Warner Chabot, former executive director of the California League of Conservation Voters. "Probably his greatest achievement wasn't what you see," Chabot added, "but rather a political achievement .… He created a commission that enabled citizens to take direct action to protect their coast and be seen as equals with the very rich and powerful landowners along the coast."
In the process, Douglas made many enemies. Both Democrats and Republicans tried to remove him from his post and slashed the commission budget. Developers' advocates campaigned strenuously to reduce his and the commission's influence. The most serious challenge came in 2002, when critics led by the conservative Pacific Legal Foundation won lower-court rulings that found the method for selecting commission members unconstitutional, which threatened to overturn hundreds of commission decisions. The conflict was settled by the California Supreme Court, which rejected the critics' arguments.
"The goals and objectives of the Coastal Act are to better the environment, give due-process rights and protect the liberties of property owners. Unfortunately Peter Douglas and the Coastal Commission ignored the protections that are guaranteed in the act," said attorney Ronald Zumbrun, a frequent adversary who led the constitutional challenge.
At the same time Zumbrun acknowledged that Douglas brought formidable skills to his leadership of the agency. "Peter has been such a dominant person and so effective in his maneuvering and political instincts, I doubt anyone can match that," Zumbrun said.
Bearded and fond of wearing Birkenstock sandals to the office, Douglas described himself as a "radical pagan heretic," who often spoke of his deep spiritual bond with nature.
As his cancer progressed, he wrote of his beliefs about life and death in lengthy, highly philosophical emails to friends. He halted mainstream Western medical treatment in favor of Eastern therapies, abandoned his strict vegan diet and wound up outliving his doctors' dismal prognoses by many months, applying the same drive and optimism to his personal fight as he had to his job as chief steward of California's coast.
"Part of the reason for his success is he was not the typical bureaucrat," said Melvin L. Nutter, who was commission chairman when Douglas was promoted to executive director. "He was a poetic visionary. His vision … helped sustain the coastal program as well as his career."
Douglas was born in the German capital of Berlin on Aug. 22, 1942. When he was 2, Allied bombers destroyed his home, causing him to flee with his family to a friend's farm near the Polish border and eventually to an area in Bavaria controlled by American forces. In 1950, he immigrated to the United States.
While crossing the English Channel, Douglas was mesmerized by the churning seas and his first sighting of a whale, an experience that he said forged his "intangible, unbreakable, lifelong bond" with the ocean.
He grew up in Southern California, surfing off Redondo Beach and camping in the desert and mountains.
In 1965 he earned an undergraduate degree in psychology at UCLA. After studying for a year in Germany, he entered UCLA's law school, where he plunged into anti-war and social justice movements and co-founded a law collective. After completing his law degree in 1969, he and his German-born wife, Roe, moved abroad for a few years. Environmentalism was not yet on his radar.
He returned to the U.S. in 1971 and accepted a job in Sacramento on the staff of then-Assemblyman Alan Sieroty, a Democrat from Los Angeles, who put him in charge of writing legislation to safeguard the California coast. The challenge "quickly grabbed me and never let me go," Douglas recalled in a personal blog last year.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, oil spills off Santa Barbara and waterfront developments in enclaves such as Malibu had created a sense of urgency about threats to the state's scenic shoreline. The coast, Douglas told The Times in 1996, "was in a very precarious state. It was clear that unless something drastic was done, it would be irretrievably lost or compromised."
Despite fierce and well-financed opposition by coastal landowners, developers and oil companies, the Coastal Commission was created in 1972 when voters passed Proposition 20. Douglas then helped craft the Coastal Act, which was adopted in 1976 with bipartisan support. In 1977 Douglas joined the commission staff as deputy director. Eight years later, he was narrowly approved as executive director.
He counted among the commission's most significant achievements defeating a proposed toll road skirting San Onofre State Beach, a liquefied natural gas terminal off the Ventura County coast and the development of Hearst Ranch. He considered the decision to allow housing subdivisions along the Bolsa Chica wetlands one of its worst failures.
During his tenure he weathered about a dozen attempts to oust him, the most serious of which came in 1996, when the commission was dominated by Republican appointees. The effort failed after hundreds of Douglas' supporters packed the commission meeting in protest, many of them chastising members for what they considered a blatantly political move. Douglas attributed the attack on him to his opposition to the Bolsa Chica housing project and Southern California Edison's efforts to renege on a promise to mitigate environmental impacts caused by the San Onofre nuclear plants in northern San Diego County.
"The coast," Douglas told The Times in 2001, "is never saved. It's always being saved. The job of environmental stewardship of the coast is never done. It's never dull, and it's never done."
He is survived by his two sons, Vanja Douglas and Sascha Douglas; his ex-wife, Rotraut Douglas; a sister, Christina Douglas; a brother, Dieter Claren; and two grandchildren.
Services will be private, but the commission plans a public memorial this summer.
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